Kingdom of the hawaiian Islands [edit ]
1847 Kamehaheha III issue [edit ]
background [edit ]
Keneta
The doomed Keneta was commissioned by King Kamehameha III. Coined money was in great requirement in the hawaiian Islands and was in continual dearth in the early nineteenth hundred. In response, King Kamehameha III devoted Chapter 4, Section 1 of the legal code of 1846 to the monetary system of the kingdom, tying it directly to that of the United States, frankincense normalizing the rate of transaction of small change in the islands and their corresponding values to United States money. Anticipating growing coin money needs, the legal code besides outlined future Hawaiian coin designs.
Of the inaugural coins decided to be acted upon was the Keneta—a copper mint valued at one cent of a U.S. dollar. As the hawaiian Treasury was in dearth of funds during this period, the copper cent was seen as an initial “ low-cost ” issue to be followed by other denominations at a late date. James Jackson Jarves, acting as agent for the hawaiian Government, placed an ordain for 100,000 of these coins in 1846. He contracted Edward Hulseman—best known for his 1837 Half Cent token—to design and engrave the coin. It is not known precisely where the pieces were minted – although Walter Breen in Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins asserts that they were produced at the private mint of H. M. & E. I. Richards of Attleboro, Massachusetts ; careless, Jarves was given a note dated January 14, 1847 in the amount of $ 869.56 by the Minister of Finance as payment for the order. On 3 May 1847 the merchant ship Montreal arrived in Honolulu after sailing from Boston via Rio de Janeiro, Cape Horn and Tahiti. The Keneta were part of the cargo delivered to the Minister of Finance. When the coins reached the populace they proved a grave disappointment. There has been some claim that the appellation was misspelled “ Hapa Haneri ” alternatively of the right “ Hapa Hanele ” ( which translates to “ partially of a hundred ” or loosely “ one cent ” ). however, “ Hapa Hanele ” is a 20th-century spell. The spelling “ Haneri ” was used throughout the nineteenth hundred, and besides appears on the $ 100 and $ 500 bills issued during the reign of King Kalakaua. Reports of the clock state that the King ‘s portrayal was unrecognizable. In addition, the Keneta besides arrived wear or discolored by the humidity and bilge water of the Montreal, in whose handle they had spent many months. local merchants, who were “ against very belittled transactions, ” immediately voiced their objections to the coins ; and the merely general custom witnessed was by governors of the knocked out islands who used them as change when collecting duties and taxes. The final acknowledge time of topic for the Keneta was in 1862, when 11,595 were placid being held in the Treasury vault. Their legal tender status was removed in 1884, and in the pursue year 88,305 were sold as bit and shipped out of the state. The Keneta is about the like size as the United States Large Cent. The coin bears a bust of the king on the obverse surrounded by the caption “ KAMEHAMEHA III. KA MOI. ” and the go steady 1847 below. The reverse has “ HAPA HANERI ” within a leafy wreath, tied with a bow at bottom, surrounded by “ AUPUNI HAWAII. ” There are two different obverse varieties : one shows a Plain 4 in the date, while the early has a “ Crosslet ” 4 ( with a vertical prevention at the right end of the horizontal course ). The Plain 4 is normally known as the “ small Bust ” type, while the Crosslet 4 is called the “ large Bust. ” There are besides six separate varieties of inverse dies with the wreath displaying 13, 15, 17 or 18 berries, with 2CC-6 being the rare followed by 2CC-1. Modern memento restrikes have been made, and have no measure .
Technical Details [edit ]
Keneta
- Mintage: Circulation strikes: 100,000 Proofs: None
- Designer: Edward Hulseman
- Diameter: ±27 millimeters
- Metal content: Copper: 100%
- Edge: Plain
- Mintmark: None (H. M. & E. I. Richards of Attleboro, Massachusetts?)
- Varieties: Plain and Crosslet 4
Medcalf & Russell numbers [edit ]
- 2CC-1 HAPA HANELI (part of a hundred, one cent) 1847, Crosslet 4 (tunic laps over 4) – “Large Bust” rev. 18 berries (9×9)
- 2CC-2 HAPA HANELI (part of a hundred, one cent) 1847, Crosslet 4 (tunic laps over 4) – “Large Bust” rev. 15 berries (7×8)
- 2CC-3 HAPA HANELI (part of a hundred, one cent) 1847, Plain 4 (tunic laps over 7) – “Small Bust” rev. 17 berries (8×9)
- 2CC-4 HAPA HANELI (part of a hundred, one cent) 1847, Plain 4 (tunic laps over 7) – “Small Bust” rev. 15 berries (8×7)
- 2CC-5 HAPA HANELI (part of a hundred, one cent) 1847, Plain 4 (tunic laps over 7) – “Small Bust” rev. 13 berries (6×7)
- 2CC-6 HAPA HANELI (part of a hundred, one cent) 1847, Plain 4 (tunic laps over 7) – “Small Bust” rev. 15 berries (7×8)
1881 Five Cent Pattern Issue [edit ]
setting [edit ]
5 Keneta In 1881, on a stumble around the world King Kalākaua I was approached in Vienna, Austria by officials representing the french and belgian mints. These officials suggested that a national coinage be issued for his island kingdom. King Kalākaua I was please with the estimate of independent neologism for his Kingdom that he ordered patterns for the new mint to be struck. [ 2 ] A spelling mistake by the engraver substituted the word “ Au ” for “ Ua ” in the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi motto Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina one ka Pono. 200 patterns with King Kalākaua I in profile were minted in Paris and forwarded to the king upon his return to his island kingdom. [ 1 ] The subjects of the Kingdom of Hawaii did not approve of the new coin due to the misspell of the Kingdom ‘s motto. many of these coins were subsequently destroyed or distributed among the friends of the king. [ 2 ]
Medcalf & Russell numbers [edit ]
- CN-1 KENETA (five cents) 1881 – nickel
1883 Kalākaua I issues [edit ]
10 keneta ( “ one dime bag ” ) coin of 1883. These coins were minted in 1883-84 ( all bearing the earlier date ) at the San Francisco Mint, to American neologism standards and saw wide circulation on the islands. They were designed by Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber. Following american english annexation in 1898 large numbers were withdrawn from circulation and melted. [ 3 ] trials
- CPC-1 HAPAWALU (eighth dollar) 1883 – copper trial
- CPC-2 HAPAHA (quarter dollar) 1883 – copper trial
- CPC-3 HAPALUA (half dollar) 1883 – copper trial
- CPC-4 AKAHI DALA (one dollar) 1883 – copper trial
official version
- CS-1 UMI KENETA (ten cents) 1883 – silver
- CS-2 HAPAWALU (eighth dollar) 1883 – silver
- CS-3 HAPAHA (quarter dollar) 1883 – silver
- CS-3a HAPAHA (quarter dollar) 1883, 8/3 inside 1883 – silver
- CS-4 HAPALUA (half dollar) 1883 – silver
- CS-5 AKAHI DALA (one dollar) 1883 – silver
Mintages of the hawaiian coins, and the numbers melted by the United States government following their demonetization in 1903, are as follows :
- Umi Keneta: 250,000; Melted: 79.
- Hapaha: 500,000; Melted: 257,400.
- Hapalua: 700,000; Melted: 612,245.
- Akahi Dala: 500,000; Melted: 453,652.
In summation, 26 proof sets were made for presentation to dignitaries .
Tokens [edit ]
John T. Waterhouse [edit ]
setting [edit ]
John Thomas Waterhouse Token
The Waterhouse token is struck in white metallic – a message similar to pewter or plumbers putty. It is recognized as the earliest know hawaiian nominal ; although the use of the token and the date of issue is ill-defined. The firm of J. T. Waterhouse, established in 1851, were importers of dry goods in the nineteenth century ; the fast is still active in several business enterprises today.
The obverse features a confront break of Kamehameha III, though with the surrounding caption reading “ HIS MAJESTY KAMEHAMEHA IV ”. The invert shows a beehive in the center with the issuer ‘s name at top and “ HALE MAIKAI ” – entail house excellent, or a good place to do business – below. The token was known as hale meli in hawaiian, recalling the beehive on the turn back .
Medcalf and Russell numbers [edit ]
- 2TE-1 1855–1860 token – pewter
gallery [edit ]
Waterhouse token obverse
Waterhouse token reverse
Wailuku Plantation [edit ]
- 2TE-2 obv. W.P. 12½ 1871
- 2TE-3 obv. W.P. 12½ 1871, wider pointed starfish
- 2TE-4 obv. W.P. VI (6½)
- 2TE-5 obv. W.P. VI, wider pointed starfish
- 2TE-6 obv. W.P. 1880, rev. 1RL
- 2TE-7 obv. W.P. 1880, rev. HALF REAL
W.P. 12½ 1871 obverse ( 2TE-2 )
W.P. 12½ 1871 reversion ( 2TE-2 )
W.P. 12½ 1871 obverse ( 2TE-3 )
W.P. 12½ 1871 turn back ( 2TE-3 )
W.P. VI ( 6¼ ) obverse ( 2TE-5 )
W.P. VI ( 6¼ ) inverse ( 2TE-5 )
W.P. 1 real 1880 obverse ( 2TE-6 )
W.P. 1 real number 1880 reverve ( 2TE-6 )
Kahului & Wailuku Railroad [edit ]
- 2TE-8 obv. .T.H.H. 12½, rev. R.R. 1879
- 2TE-8a obv. .T.H.H. 12½, rev. R.R. 1879, thicker 2mm planchet
- 2TE-9 obv. T.H.H. 12½ no dot in front of “T”, rev. two stars
- 2TE-10 obv. T.H.H. 25, rev. R.R. 1879
T.H.H. 12½ 1879 obverse ( 2TE-8 )
T.H.H. 12½ 1879 reverse ( 2TE-8 )
T.H.H. 25 1879 obverse ( 2TE-10 )
T.H.H. 25 1879 reverse ( 2TE-10 )
Kahului Railroad [edit ]
- TE-9 10 Cents, 1891
- TE-10 15 Cents, 1891
- TE-11 20 Cents, 1891
- TE-12 25 Cents, 1891
- TE-13 35 Cents, 1891
- TE-14 75 Cents, 1891
Haiku Plantation [edit ]
- TE-15 obv. HAIKU 1882, rev. ONE RIAL, reeded edge
- TE-15a same, except for plain edge
Haiku, One real 1882 obverse ( TE-15 )
Haiku, One real 1882 reverse ( TE-15 )
Grove Ranch Plantation [edit ]
- TE-16 obv. G.R.P. 1886, rev. 12½
- TE-17 obv. G.R.P. 1887, rev. 12½
See besides [edit ]
References [edit ]
- Arndt, John, “Coins of Hawaii Subject Talk by Numismatist,” Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 14 March 1914, p. 22.
- Breen, Walter (1988). Walter Breen’s Complete Encyclopedia Of U.S. And Colonial Coins. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-14207-2.
- Bruce, Colin R. II (senior editor) (2006). 2007 Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1901–2000 (34th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0896893650.
- Kingdom of Hawaii (1846). Statute Laws of His Majesty Kamehameha III, King of the Hawaiian Islands; Passed by the Houses of Nobles and Representatives, During the Twenty-First year of His Reign, and the Third and Fourth years of His Public Recognition, A.D. 1845 and 1846: To which are Appended the Acts of Public Recognition, and the Treaties with Other Nations. Honolulu: Charles E. Hitchcock, Printer, Government Press.
- Krause, Chester L. and Mishler, Clifford. 1995 Standard Catalog of World Coins. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-281-8.
- Medcalf, Donald & Ronald Russell (1991). Hawaiian Money: Standard Catalog: Second Edition. Honolulu: Nani Stamp & Coin LTD. ISBN 0-9623263-0-5.
